GDS Unplugged Podcast

Beyond the S&P 500: Why Index Funds Aren’t Always the Answer [Ep. 17]

Written by GDS Wealth Management | Nov 19, 2025 4:25:35 PM

View the full transcription of this episode here.

About This Episode

Many investors default to a single broad index fund, often the S&P 500, because it’s simple and low-cost. In this episode, Glen and Robert discuss how that approach can work for certain types of investors and when it may not align with specific objectives or risk profiles.

They also dive into ETFs vs. mutual funds, explore diversification across asset classes and regions, explain bond mechanics and duration, and walk through tax-loss harvesting and mutual fund capital-gain distributions in practical, plain language.

ETFs vs. Mutual Funds: Same goal, different mechanics

What they share: Both can hold baskets of stocks or bonds and can track indexes or follow active strategies.

Key differences highlighted:

  • Trading: ETFs trade intraday like stocks, while mutual funds transact only once per day, after market close.
  • Fees: ETFs generally carry lower expense ratios than comparable mutual funds. Those fees can reduce performance, even if they don’t appear as a line item on your statement.
  • Taxes: Mutual funds can distribute capital gains to shareholders even in down markets (for example, when other investors redeem shares, and the fund realizes embedded gains). ETFs can offer cost and tax efficiency benefits in many cases, though this varies by structure and management.
  • Balanced view: Low cost and simplicity are real ETF advantages, but not all ETFs are equal. Some track narrow or complex indexes. Always review a fund’s prospectus and understand its holdings and risks.

When a single index may not be enough

Glen and Robert point out that broad market exposure doesn’t always mean broad diversification:

Concentration risk: Market-cap-weighted indexes can become top-heavy, meaning a few companies drive most of the performance. If those leaders stumble, the entire index can feel it.

Diversification gaps: Sticking to just one index can leave you underexposed to small caps, international markets, or bonds, areas that behave differently in various market cycles.

Practical takeaway: If you invest through indexes, consider multiple, complementary indexes as part of a diversified strategy that aligns with your financial objectives and risk profile.

Remember: Diversification does not assure profit or protect against loss. International and small-cap securities can be more volatile and may involve currency, liquidity, and political risks.

Bonds 101: Why interest rates matter

Robert walks through how bonds work:

  • Inverse relationship: When interest rates rise, existing bond prices typically fall; when rates fall, bond prices usually rise.
  • Duration: Longer-term bonds are more sensitive to rate changes; shorter-term bonds are less sensitive.
  • Portfolio role: Bonds can provide income and stability, but they also carry interest rate, credit, and inflation risk.

Tax talk, simplified

Glen and Robert discuss how taxes can quietly affect returns—and why smart positioning matters:

Tax-loss harvesting (TLH): Realizing losses to offset gains may reduce taxes in certain circumstances, depending on your individual tax situation. They explain the 30-day wash-sale rule, which disallows a deduction if you buy the same or “substantially identical” security too soon.

Mutual fund distributions: You can owe taxes on a fund’s distributed gains even if you didn’t sell shares, especially during volatile markets with heavy redemptions.

Always consult a qualified tax professional before implementing any tax strategy.

The “sniper approach”

Rather than simply buying one index and holding on, Glen and Robert describe a “sniper approach”: combining broad ETFs with selected individual securities or targeted funds to manage concentration risk and tailor exposure.

This can offer flexibility, but also involves additional risks and potential trading costs that investors should carefully consider. Selecting individual positions adds the potential for higher trading costs, tracking error, and the risk of underperformance.

Six self-check questions before you choose

  • Am I comfortable with the historical drawdowns of my chosen index?
  • Is my portfolio overly dependent on a few mega-cap stocks?
  • Do I have exposure beyond U.S. large caps (small caps, international, bonds)?
  • Do I understand each fund’s expense ratio and total costs?
  • Am I managing taxes and rebalancing intentionally?
  • Would a mix of multiple indexes and select individual holdings better fit my goals and risk tolerance?

Keep Learning & Stay Connected

 

GDS Wealth Management (“GDS”) is an SEC-registered investment adviser. Registration does not imply a certain level of skill or training. The information provided is for educational purposes only and should not be construed as investment, tax, or legal advice. Investing involves risk, including possible loss of principal. Past performance does not guarantee future results. Indexes are unmanaged and cannot be invested in directly. Diversification and asset allocation do not ensure profit or protect against loss. ETFs and mutual funds are subject to market volatility and the risks of their underlying investments. Tax information is general in nature, consult a qualified professional for advice specific to your situation. Advisory services are offered through GDS Wealth Management. For more information about our services, fees, or to view a copy of our Form ADV, please visit www.gdswealth.com.